.widget-img { [3][4] She is the youngest of five children. Elaine O'Neal makes history. .results_row td { border: 1px solid #a2a9b1 !important; Public policy. z-index:1;
, See also:Mayoral election in Durham, North Carolina (2021). width: 100%; O'Neal was born in Durham in 1962 and grew up in the West End community, spending much of her childhood at the Pauli Murray Family Home. color: black; She was married to the late Roland ONeal Tooley..contact_entity {font-size: 1.5em ;margin-top: 0.6em; margin-bottom: 0em;margin-right: 0.5em;} Websimilarities between crime and deviance. Both The Durham Committee on the Affairs of Black People and Friends of Durham endorsed ONeal. .results_table_container { North Carolina Central University School of Law, "Elaine O'Neal wins Durham mayoral bid, City Council incumbents keep seats", "Mayor-elect says she wants to work with Durham's new police chief", "Elaine O'Neal looks ahead as mayor's race winds down", "N.C. Central University names Durham judge interim dean of law school", "How Steve Schewel put muscle into Durham's "weak mayor" system", "[Speech] Filing Day 2021 - Elaine O'Neal for Durham Mayor | I am truly overwhelmed by the love and support that joined me today as I filed for the fall ballot to be the next Mayor of Durham. O'Neal ran for election for Mayor of Durham in North Carolina. .widget-row.Democratic { She was married to Richard ONeal on December 23, 1950. [4][7] That same year, O'Neal was appointed as Chair of the Racial Equity Task Force for Durham by Mayor Steve Schewel. She is currently a board member of North Carolinians Against Gun Violence. She is a member of several organizations including First Calvary Baptist Church, Durham County Bar Association, George White Bar Association and Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. She is a Board Member of Made in Durham. .results_row { She and her husband Gavin are raising their three sons in Durham, the city they love and have called home for nearly 19 years. She went on to earn her Juris Doctor from the North Carolina Central University Law School. } [1] ul.key-messages {list-style-type: none; margin-left:10px; } I dont come in with some sort of set agenda before I even start talking to people. WATCH: Elaine O'Neal talks about her vision for the city. Enough of the guns, enough of the shootings, enough of the killings.. What do we want, Durham, as a collective? ONeal recently served as chair of the citys racial equity task force, which delivered a 60-page report to the Durham City Council in July on how Durham can address systemic racism at a local level. Write your message of sympathy today. @media screen and (max-width: 350px) { [15], The City of Durham has also created a new Down Payment Assistance program. Real-time updates and all local stories you want right in the palm of your hand. [11], O'Neal is a member of the Durham County Bar Association and the George H. White Bar Association. } padding-bottom: 5px; line-height: 1.5em; [15] ONeal faced scrutiny because of the interactions she had with former gang members. During an interview with The 9th Street Journal, she pointed right outside to Main Street, noting how within a few blocks, there are disparities between million dollar apartments and Title IX affordable housing complexes. width: 50px; } She was a District Court Judge for 17 years and was the first woman in Durham County to be named Chief District Court Judge. Jump to Header Jump to Main Content Jump to Footer. } Jones also wants to see the new mayor focus on gang violence, affordable housing, and economic development for neighborhoods that lack resources. } In her announcement, ONeal called back to her deep Durham roots and highlighted her years in public service. Charlie Innis covers Durham government for The News & Observer and The Herald-Sun through the Poynter-Koch Media and Journalism Fellowship. border:1px solid #FFB81F; Im a daughter of this city, and Im an example of what it can produce, ONeal said. "I have spoken with officials at Duke University, we'll be speaking with officials at NC Central University and we hope to provide a tool, a survey of some type to help us quantify that. The move seemed like an obvious statement of dissatisfaction with the current political climate in Durham. If you ask a person What does justice mean? everybody has a different opinion of that., But theres some commonalities that we can pull. position: relative; I can go to the Southside. } display: table; Absolutely.. "[15] Eight former gang members were introduced to the public by ONeal. background-color: red; background-color: green; } 9th Street Journal photo by Josie Vonk. She earned her PhDin 2006 in medical anthropology from UNC-Chapel Hill, studying the impacts of racism on experiences of pregnancy and motherhood among Black women in NorthCarolina. She assumed office on December 6, 2021. color: #888; Born and raised in, [Indy Week] Endorsements 2021: Durham Mayor and City Council Primary, [Indy Week] New to Politics But Fluent in Durham, Judge Elaine O'Neal Vies for Mayor, [Indy Week] Durham's Longest Serving Mayor Bill Bell Endorses Judge Elaine O'Neal, [Indy Week] Elaine ONeal Announces She's Running for Mayor of Durham, [WRAL] Elaine O'Neal to run for mayor of Durham. I'm truly motivated by how much we can and will accomplish when we all come and work together to make Durham a city that works for all of us.". ONeal was the first to announce her candidacy for mayor, announcing her candidacy back in January, before current Mayor Steve Schewel decided he would no longer be running for reelection. For the past nine years, she has been active in gun violence prevention advocacy and organizing, serving as the first statewide chapter leader of Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America. }) The first Black woman to be mayor of the Bull City. Elaine Skellie O'Neal, 91, of Hattiesburg, died Saturday, Sept. 8, at her residence. div.oneoff-scrollbox.regular { height:400px; overflow:scroll; margin:20px; padding:10px; border:1px solid gray; } background-color: #f9f9f9; When it comes to addressing gun violence, Jones wants to see more job training and closing of skills gaps through additional services for youth and people in need. border-radius: 50%; $('.pastResponses').show(); .infobox { .widget-row.Libertarian { WebWatch all of the free Charlie o neal fucked porn videos on Anon-V . height: 22px; .race_header.green { $('.showResponses').on('click', () => { Published 12:10 pm Monday, April 3, 2023. ONeal has watched the city shift, grow and divide before her very eyes, she says. Indiana, Idaho governors sign bans on gender-affirming, Report details staggering church sex abuse in Maryland, New Mexico governor signs bill to shield abortion, Predawn Missouri tornado kills at least 5, sows destruction, Fight the bite: Tick, mosquitoes arrive with warm, 2.1 magnitude earthquake shakes western North Carolina, Eastern North Carolina Red Cross helping U.S. regions, Charity works to changes lives within Chatham Countys, 2.1 magnitude earthquake in Tennessee hits 15 miles, Frustrated with your flight? Current Mayor Steve Schewel told The News & Observer on Monday that he will announce soon whether he will seek re-election. height: 50px; }. display: inline-block; background-color: #ccc; So, do I have an answer on what my plans are about housing? She would be the first African-American woman to serve as mayor, Beasley said. O'Neal said her top priorities are safety and affordable housing. font-weight: bold; DURHAM, N.C. (WNCN) It was a historic night in Durham as Elaine ONeal was sworn in as the citys first Black female mayor. In the 1990s, she was a pioneer and advocate as a judge around same-sex adoption, supporting LGBTQ families in Elaine ONeal wiki ionformation include family relationships: spouse or partner (wife or husband); siblings; childen/kids; parents life. Find the obituary of Elaine S. Tooley (1945 - 2023) from Scranton, NC. and Title IX affordable housing complexes. I think Durham is ready to make history as well. WebComplete Wiki Biography of Elaine ONeal, which contains net worth and salary earnings in 2023. .external_links_table { width: auto !important; } } She assumed office on December 6, 2021. U.S. Congress | We cannot put that on the back of our city officials. Antonio Jones, the Committees chairperson, echoes Bells statements, saying that her presence in the community, her qualifications and her familiarity with life here pushed them towards endorsement. ONeal succeeded long-term Mayor Steve Schewel in the midst of COVID-19, a business boom and housing affordability crisis, and ongoing gun violence. View their profile including current address, phone number 407-265-XXXX, background check reports, and property record on Whitepages, the most trusted online directory. WebProfile page for Elaine O'Neal, Faculty, Early and Elementary Education. .votebox-scroll-container { Box 541, Durham, NC 27702. By The Daily News. }, 100); display: inline; Contact our sales team. O'Neal graduated from Hillside High School in 1980. Some of Durhams prominent political action committees are supporting her for similar reasons. CamWhores.TV; CamVideos.ORG; ThotHub.to real video's of real young girl's 12 miyo to 14yo getting fucked in the ass and mouth by her real dad Charlie ONeal Loser husband humiliated and his wife Charlie Elaine - Sister's First Anal Fuck (WankItNow) 10:12. She served as an interim dean of the North Carolina Central University School of Law in 2018. Her beloved husband, Charles K. Chrismer, whom she married on Feb. 11, 1951, preceded her in death Dec. [] complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. color: #888; } Ruth Elaine Oyster Chrismer, of Beavertown, formerly of Sunbury, died April 1, 2023 at Brookline Manor, Mifflintown, PA. Ruth was born Jan. 25, 1929 in Sunbury, to the late Harry (1883-1954) and Annie Pearl Wertz (1886-1951) Oyster. .key-messages li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px;} She spent her life as a homemaker, devoted to her family. Elaine O'Neal, Faculty/Early and Elementary Education at Salisbury University. Prior to that work, her studies in public health at the University of California at Berkeley enhanced her understanding of binational health at the US-Mexico border as well as the impact of gunviolence on Black and Brown communities in Oakland, CA. She said Durham neighborhoods should not feel like war zones. She talked about gratitude. Also known as Elaine C Tyler, Elaine Christine O'Neal. .votebox-results-metadata-p { Transportation is another prominent issue on ONeals agenda. ONeal began serving as a North Carolina District Court Judge in 1994 and was elected to the Superior Court bench in 2011, where she serves in the 14th District. While the outcome of Durham's mayoral election was already certain, it did not steal the excitement when Elaine O'Neal walked in the doors of the Rickhouse on Tuesday night. p.survey-question {font-weight:bold;} WebMayor O'Neal was a Judge for 24 years and was the first woman in Durham County to be named Chief District Court Judge. } top: -5px; .inner_percentage { She spent many days in the Big House, which is now the Pauli Murray House and is proud to walk in Pauli Murrays footsteps. .results_row td:first-child { background-color: grey; $('.showResponses').hide(); WebElaine O'Neal (born 1962) is an American attorney, academic administrator, judge, and politician serving as the mayor of Durham, North Carolina. } padding-bottom: 7px; } display: inline-block; .survey-result {padding:10px;} .votebox_legend { margin-top: 16px; WebElaine Oneal's birthday is 03/18/1962 and is 60 years old. WebView the profiles of people named Elaine O'Neal. April 18, 2022, 11:22 PM Durham Mayor Elaine O'Neal began her State of the City address by declaring that the state of the city is good. margin-top: 0px; By Esm Fox New to politics but fluent in Durham, judge Elaine ONeal vies for mayor By Rebecca Schneid on September 17, 2021 For former judge Elaine ONeal, running for mayor of Durham is not an issue of politics. They have also lived in Boise, ID and Lake Mary, FL. [3][6] She received her Juris Doctor degree from the North Carolina Central University School of Law. If youve saved your payment information with ActBlue, your donation will go through immediately. }.mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { $('.collapse').collapse('show'); font-size: 0.9em; An American inspirational and consequential politician, Elaine Lan Chao, aka Elaine Chao, is the 18th United States Secretary of Transportation who has been serving in the position since January 31, 2017. .infobox p { [3] In June 2018, O'Neal retired as a judge and was selected as interim dean of the North Carolina Central University School of Law. The whole issue of public safety and crime is one of the most important ones in Durham right now, and she is the perfect fit for dealing with that issue, Bell said. Ruth Elaine Oyster Chrismer, of Beavertown, formerly of Sunbury, died April 1, 2023 at Brookline Manor, Mifflintown, PA. Ruth was born Jan. 25, 1929 in Sunbury, to the late Harry (1883-1954) and Annie Pearl Wertz (1886-1951) Oyster. p.survey-response {margin-left:10px;} .top_disclaimer { div.oneoff-scrollbox.short { height:250px; overflow:scroll; margin:20px; padding:10px; border:1px solid gray; } .results_text { She attended North Carolina Central University, pledged Delta Sigma Theta while there, and graduated Cum Laude with a BS in Math in 1984. Elaine is related to Nkechi Ewuniki Lamar and Alexis Reed as well as 3 additional people. Grab hands and lets move forward into a bold and bright future for all of us. She grew up on the West End Community. These issues will not be solved overnight. font-weight: bold;
float:right; To some, this might sound unreasonable and even completely unattainable. Earlier Event: June 3 Just Conversations: Dr. Sally Roesch Wagner & Louise Herne Later Event: June 22 2021 AFI DOCS Film Festival Screening -- My Name is Pauli Murray Visit the Pauli Murray Center NCCU. We were more inclusive.. Your memory will remain in my heart What Ive been doing is going to experts and learning more. margin: 0; Koka Booth Amphitheatre details severe weather safety measures, J&J commits $8.9B to pay baby powder cancer settlements, Gun violence in the US has become more lethal, research suggests. }) .panel-heading:hover { cursor: pointer;} [Indy Week] Durham's Longest Serving Mayor Bill Bell Endorses Judge Elaine O'Neal August 31, 2021 As the Durham mayor and city council primaries heat up, another high-profile endorsement announcement } To help lure more officers and ensure the good officers currently employed with the city remain, O'Neal called for an increase in pay for law enforcement officers. background-color: green; Currently, Elaine lives in Durham, NC. Copyright 2023 WTVD-TV. padding-left: 10px; Is that what were doing now? .electionsectionheading { Receive obituaries from the city or cities of your choice. [3], ONeal announced her mayoral campaign on July 26, 2021. Aubrey B. Swindell and Mabel Silverthorne Swindell; her husband Roland O'Neal Tooley; and her brother C. Eric Swindell. Weve never seen a moment like this, Durham approves new apartments near Duke Forest over neighbors objections. [3] As a judge, she advocated for same-sex adoption and LGBT rights. Elaine has the heart of a public servant and a deep abiding love for her hometown and for all who choose to call Durham home. She wants to really get out there and see who has been left out of the growth, Jones said.} What ONeal does seem to know, though, is Durham its residents and the issues burdening them, from gun violence, to housing insecurity, to systemic racism, to poverty. }) display: inline-block; } margin-bottom:16px; In 2011, she was elected the first woman Superior Court Judge in Durham County. She also admits shes not incredibly well-acquainted with the political sphere in Durham, something she says she must rectify if she is to win the office of mayor. font-size: 2em; The Hillside High School graduate is quick to admit that though she is an expert in law, she is not an expert on housing. .outer_percentage { She is in her first term, becoming the citys first Black female mayor in 2021 after being pushed to run. DURHAM, N.C. (WTVD) -- Durham's new mayor is asking the community for patience and input as she tackles some of the city's biggest kitchen table issues. The 43 homicides as of Nov. 15 passed the record set in 2016. She won in the general election on November 2, 2021. } display: block; Nov. 3Former judge Elaine O'Neal made Durham history Tuesday night, easily winning election to become the Bull City's first Black woman mayor. We put a man on the moon didnt we? she said. margin-top: 1em; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; WebWatch all of the free Charlie o neal fucked porn videos on Anon-V . I can go to Braggtown. .votebox_legend .non_result_row { overflow-x: auto; } text-align: center; In loving memory of Elaine O'Neill, | [4] Her parents were active in the local community; her mother, Nakoda, worked in electoral precincts and served as a school Parentteacher association president and her father, Rueben, was a custodian and the treasurer of their church. Born and raised in Durham, ONeal said she loves her hometown and will formally announce her campaign and platform after spending the next two months listening to residents about what they want from their mayor. Web2 SharesShareTweet2ShareAnother first for the sorority sisters of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. Elaine ONeal, a member of the sorority was recently elected the first Black female Mayor of Durham, North Carolina. Is that who we are? she asked. .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper { } font-weight: bold; a.communitylink { color:black; font-weight:bold; } Cities | Through these experiences, most notably her tenure as judge, ONeal says she has witnessed a disunity in Durham like she has never seen before. width: 50%; Being from here, understanding the wealth gap and disparities here, having served on a bench and being witness to all of that, Beasley said. } height: 100%; Sinkhole opens under Durham school bus, swallows left tire. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. DURHAM, N.C. (WNCN) It was a historic night in Durham as Elaine ONeal was sworn in as the citys first Black female mayor. max-width: 75px; NC Rep. Tricia Cotham reportedly planning to switch parties, giving GOP supermajority, Popular Raleigh sports bar gets B grade: Triangle sanitation scores (April 4), Body identified as missing NC resident who vanished after meeting man on social media, Son borrows dads lucky numbers to play lottery four years after his death and wins, Switching parties, Rep. Tricia Cotham is formally welcomed to NC House GOP caucus, Nearly half the elected offices of this NC county are held by Black women, Durham just has a spirit about it: Black women share how they came to lead city, Be comfortable asserting your leadership: Top county officials share their journeys, Representation matters. School districts | Click on an option to get started. I can go to the West End. Retired Superior Court Judge Elaine ONeal will run for mayor in the Bull City this year, she said Monday. Elaine Swindell Tooley, 77, of 762 Lynnsburg Road, Scranton NC, passed at home on April 1, 2023. Her current term ends in 2023. All I can present is who I am, and Durham has to decide what it wants, because the options are very clear.. text-align: left !important; })(); See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection. The program would offer mentoring, therapy, and after-school programs. Thats not the Main Street I know. position: absolute; } color: white; When a Durham commission discussed the mundane details for a new clubhouse including whether it could have vinyl window frames the real focus On a recent Wednesday evening, the Durham Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Commission gathered to talk about cul de sacs, bike paths and sidewalks. Lived In Boston VA, Garrisonville VA, Fredericksburg VA, Stafford VA. Related To Vernon Oneal. ONeal said she will hear from as many Durham residents as she can before she starts offering her own opinions on the citys issues. Federal courts | We must get those numbers from our neighborhoods," O'Neal said. padding-top: 3px; Former Durham Mayor Bill Bell introduced his political mentee as O'Neal arrived to this room full of supporters -- including the Durham County sheriff and district attorney. Thats not how I normally operate, ONeal said. width: 150px; Shes excited to get to work to make Durham safer as gun violence continues to plague the city. } In 2018, Mayor Steve Schewel appointed her as Chair of the Racial Equity Task Force for the City of Durham, where she led a diverse cross-section of Durhamites to create policy and budget recommendations on complex issues. .widget-row.Independent, .widget-row.Nonpartisan, .widget-row.Constitution { Elaine lived most of her life in Michigan and most recently lived in Englewood, FL. That shell bring a voice and some solutions to this.. Previously, she also served as the United States Secretary of Labour for eight years from 2001 through 2009 under the presidency of Antonio Jones chairs the Durham Committee on the Affairs of Black People. You can submit questions and news tips to our staff by emailing jacob.sheridan@duke.edu or julianna.rennie@duke.edu. padding-bottom: 0px; 086 079 7114 [email protected]. ONeal said shes excited to take over as mayor. I am running to be the next Mayor Durham because I understand taking on tough challenges. .widget-row.value-only.white { padding-left: 0; width: 350px; It is with deep sorrow that we announce the death of Elaine O'Neill (Rutherford, New Jersey), who passed away on December 30, 2021, at the age of 68, leaving to mourn family and friends. Two re-elected Durham City Council Members were also sworn in, Ward I Council Member DeDreana Freeman and Ward II Council Member Mark-Anthony Middleton. font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: -2px !important; text-align: center; } letter-spacing: .03em; Powered by Squarespace | Website and Design by Miel Design Studio, Just Conversations: Dr. Sally Roesch Wagner & Louise Herne, 2021 AFI DOCS Film Festival Screening -- My Name is Pauli Murray. She is in her first term, becoming the citys first Black female mayor in 2021 after being pushed to run. Leave your condolences to the family on this memorial page or send flowers to show you care. } .widget-row.Republican { All Rights Reserved. p.survey-response {white-space: pre-line;} WebElaine O'Neal is on Facebook. Growth may bring jobs to Durhamites in need, she says, and thereby decrease both poverty rates and gun violence. } }, What's on my ballot? CamWhores.TV; CamVideos.ORG; ThotHub.to real video's of real young girl's 12 miyo to 14yo getting fucked in the ass and mouth by her real dad Charlie ONeal Loser husband humiliated and his wife Charlie Elaine - Sister's First Anal Fuck (WankItNow) 10:12. [10] Durham North Carolina has a weak mayor system. } } font-style: italic; width: 35px !important; } I can maneuver in places that most people cannot, she said. She has been a strong advocate for voting rights, LGBTQ+, immigration, and health rights at state and national levels. } .image-candidate-thumbnail-wrapper .image-candidate-thumbnail { Our mailing address is P.O. Durham, N.C. The Bull City has its first official candidate for the 2021 mayoral race. padding-left: 10px; In 2014, Blair ONeal competed in the inaugural BIG BREAK INVITATIONAL, Reynolds WebElaine C Oneal, age 60s, lives in Beulaville, NC. "I need you to see your numbers to help us quantify what it is that we need in several arenas. Its an issue of the heart. She started her first mayoral news conference by presenting some disturbing crime stats. United and not divided. [12] Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? font-weight: bold; If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you. font-weight: bold; He said the group is committed to supporting the new mayor and council. .expand-all:hover, .collapse-all:hover {cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline;} That division motivated her to run for office. Elaine Swindell Tooley, 77, of 762 Lynnsburg Road, Scranton NC, passed at home on April 1, 2023. (68 years old). [5] O'Neal received 25,707 votes or 84.69% of the vote. The Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice is located at 906 Carroll St., Durham, NC 27701. Born on August 4, 1945, she was the daughter of the late Aubrey B. and Mabel Silverthorne Swindell. .indicate_scroll { } This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Make sure relatives of Elaine O'Neill know they have sympathy messages here. I know these people. $('.hideResponses').on('click', () => { Elaine O'Neal did not complete Ballotpedia's 2021 Candidate Connection survey. While you may associate Burts Bees with lip balm, the brand has expanded into baby items that range from pajamas to bedding to bibs to shampoo. font-weight: bold; O'Neal has limited mayoral powers, and formally her role is not substantially different from members of the city council. font-weight: 100; But as I began to look around the political landscape from my perspective on the bench and lived experience here, I saw that a lot of young people were getting cut out of the conversation like theyre invisible.. She is currently a candidate for Mayor of her hometown. Elaine Oneal. When she was 16, the family moved to Maywood, California. [8] She received two-thirds of the vote in a seven-way nonpartisan primary election on October 5, 2021. } Our thoughts and prayers are with you and your family during this difficult time., My deepest sympathy to the O'Neill family. She retired before assuming her university leadership role. margin-bottom: .75em; Our parents should not have to worry if their children are safe while playing at the neighborhood park, ONeal said. O'Neal's career experience includes working as a chief district court judge, a superior court judge in Durham County, and the interim dean of the North Carolina Central University School of Law. .widget-row.value-only { [6], O'Neal served as a judge of the North Carolina District Court from 1994 to 2011 and was the first woman in Durham County to be named a Chief District Court judge. .inner_percentage.Libertarian { font-size: .9em; .votebox-covid-disclaimer { Elaine O'Neal (born 1962) is an American attorney, academic administrator, judge, and politician serving as the mayor of Durham, North Carolina. On the night that Elaine ONeal officially became Durhams first Black woman mayor, no one will be left behind, she said.
@media (max-width:600px) { color: white; She said approximately 44 people have died from violent crime in Durham in 2021 and around 200 people have been shot. width: 43%; $('.collapse').collapse('hide'); She won in the general election on November 2, 2021. } [9] Gun violence is a major issue in Durham and was one of the first major issues ONeal discussed. .race_header, .results_text, .results_table_container, .votebox_legend { State legislature | width: 90%; Its an issue of the heart. A vegetable chopper significantly cuts down on prep time, so you can get more veggies in your meals without it taking hours to get dinner on the table. Make the invisible visible," O'Neal said. North Carolina Superior Court Judge Elaine Mercia ONeal had been named interim dean of the School of Law at North Carolina Central University in 2018. } } Source. height: 56px; Published 12:10 pm Monday, April 3, 2023. State executives | The citys public transit system is less than perfect, and the 2019 demise of the light rail project only compounded shortcomings. .inner_percentage.Republican { Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error.Assembly Language Program To Add Two Numbers 8086, Army Pistol Qualification Scores, Tax Implications Of Adding Someone To A Deed California, Articles E